The caddies of big name pros, ie tiger woods, ernie els vijay etc get about £1000 a week basic and approx %10 of the pros tour winnings. thats a massive generalization, but after reading an interview with 4 caddies in golf digest a few years back thats about right. In fact it was so right that tiger got real peed off and sacked his caddie "fluff" for revealing what tiger paid him. Go to golfdigest website and look at the article under the interviews section, you may have to register.
However common or garden caddies such as are found on the famous scots courses are paid by the players they carry for, about £35 or so is average though good caddies get more. The old traditional scots caddies are well annoyed at the moment. They say they are being undercut and even not picked in favour of foriegn caddies on scholerships etc. They say that they get there at 7.30 in the summer only to be at the back of the queue and are lucky if they get out once a day, and cannot survive on it. they are extremely annoyed. a web search on the subject may well tell you more.
As for the second question, a touring pro will "lose his card" unless he gets a certain number of points/wins/places etc on the tour. You have to go back to tour qualifying school, and do well there to get your card back. Victories in big tournamnets get you "exemptions" from qualifying. i think the us open has something mad like a 10 year exemption.
